Introduction to Laravel Ecosystem

1✓ Elegant Syntax - Write beautiful, expressive code
2✓ Powerful ORM (Eloquent) - Work with databases naturally
3✓ Built-in Authentication - Secure user systems out of the box
4✓ Robust Ecosystem - Extensive packages and tools
5✓ Active Community - Large, helpful developer community
6✓ Comprehensive Documentation - Well-written, detailed docs
7✓ Modern Features - Queues, broadcasting, events, and more

1<?php
2
3namespace App\Models;
4
5use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
6
7class User extends Model
8{
9    // Define which attributes are mass-assignable
10    protected $fillable = [
11        'name',
12        'email',
13        'password',
14    ];
15
16    // Define relationships
17    public function posts()
18    {
19        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
20    }
21
22    // Business logic methods
23    public function isAdmin(): bool
24    {
25        return $this->role === 'admin';
26    }
27}

1<!-- resources/views/users/profile.blade.php -->
2@extends('layouts.app')
3
4@section('content')
5    <div class="profile">
6        <h1>{{ $user->name }}</h1>
7        <p>Email: {{ $user->email }}</p>
8
9        @if($user->isAdmin())
10            <span class="badge">Administrator</span>
11        @endif
12
13        <h2>Recent Posts</h2>
14        @foreach($user->posts as $post)
15            <article>
16                <h3>{{ $post->title }}</h3>
17                <p>{{ $post->excerpt }}</p>
18            </article>
19        @endforeach
20    </div>
21@endsection

1<?php
2
3namespace App\Http\Controllers;
4
5use App\Models\User;
6use Illuminate\Http\Request;
7
8class UserController extends Controller
9{
10    public function show(User $user)
11    {
12        // Laravel automatically finds the user by ID (Route Model Binding)
13
14        // Load the user's posts
15        $user->load('posts');
16
17        // Return the view with data
18        return view('users.profile', [
19            'user' => $user
20        ]);
21    }
22
23    public function update(Request $request, User $user)
24    {
25        // Validate input
26        $validated = $request->validate([
27            'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
28            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users,email,' . $user->id,
29        ]);
30
31        // Update the model
32        $user->update($validated);
33
34        // Redirect with success message
35        return redirect()
36            ->route('users.show', $user)
37            ->with('success', 'Profile updated successfully!');
38    }
39}

1┌─────────┐      ┌────────────┐      ┌───────┐      ┌──────┐
2│ Request │─────>│   Router   │─────>│ Ctrl  │─────>│Model │
3└─────────┘      └────────────┘      └───────┘      └──────┘
4                                          │              │
5                                          │              │
6                                          v              │
7┌──────────┐     ┌──────────┐      ┌───────┐           │
8│ Response │<────│   View   │<─────│ Ctrl  │<──────────┘
9└──────────┘     └──────────┘      └───────┘
10
11Flow:
121. User makes HTTP request
132. Router matches request to controller method
143. Controller requests data from Model
154. Model interacts with database
165. Controller passes data to View
176. View renders HTML
187. Response sent back to user

1// Simple, expressive database queries
2$users = User::where('active', true)
3             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
4             ->take(10)
5             ->get();
6
7// Relationships are intuitive
8$user = User::with('posts', 'comments')->find(1);

1@if(auth()->check())
2    <p>Welcome, {{ auth()->user()->name }}!</p>
3@else
4    <a href="{{ route('login') }}">Login</a>
5@endif

1# Create a new controller
2php artisan make:controller UserController
3
4# Run database migrations
5php artisan migrate
6
7# Clear application cache
8php artisan cache:clear
9
10# Start development server
11php artisan serve

1// Register a new user
2Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password]);
3
4// Check if user is authenticated
5if (Auth::check()) {
6    $user = Auth::user();
7}
8
9// Logout
10Auth::logout();

1# Start Laravel Sail
2./vendor/bin/sail up
3
4# Run Artisan commands
5./vendor/bin/sail artisan migrate

1{
2    "name": "laravel/laravel",
3    "type": "project",
4    "require": {
5        "php": "^8.1",
6        "laravel/framework": "^11.0",
7        "guzzlehttp/guzzle": "^7.0"
8    },
9    "require-dev": {
10        "phpunit/phpunit": "^10.0",
11        "laravel/telescope": "^4.0"
12    },
13    "autoload": {
14        "psr-4": {
15            "App\\": "app/",
16            "Database\\Seeders\\": "database/seeders/"
17        }
18    }
19}

1# Install all dependencies
2composer install
3
4# Update dependencies
5composer update
6
7# Add a new package
8composer require vendor/package
9
10# Add a development package
11composer require --dev vendor/package
12
13# Remove a package
14composer remove vendor/package
15
16# Dump autoload files
17composer dump-autoload

1// File: app/Services/PaymentService.php
2namespace App\Services;
3
4class PaymentService
5{
6    // Class code...
7}
8
9// Autoloaded as: App\Services\PaymentService
10// No manual require/include needed!
11use App\Services\PaymentService;
12
13$payment = new PaymentService();

1┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
2│                   HTTP Request                    │
3└────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
4                     │
5                     v
6┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
7│              public/index.php                     │
8│              (Entry Point)                        │
9└────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
10                     │
11                     v
12┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
13│           Bootstrap Application                   │
14│        (Load config, services, etc.)             │
15└────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
16                     │
17                     v
18┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
19│                Service Providers                  │
20│        (Register services, bindings)             │
21└────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
22                     │
23                     v
24┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
25│                  Middleware                       │
26│        (Authentication, CSRF, etc.)              │
27└────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
28                     │
29                     v
30┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
31│                    Router                         │
32│        (Match route to controller)               │
33└────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
34                     │
35                     v
36┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
37│                  Controller                       │
38│        (Handle request, return response)         │
39└────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┘
40                     │
41                     v
42┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
43│                HTTP Response                      │
44└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

1// Binding in a Service Provider
2$this->app->singleton(PaymentGateway::class, StripeGateway::class);
3
4// Resolving from container (automatic injection)
5class OrderController extends Controller
6{
7    public function __construct(
8        private PaymentGateway $gateway
9    ) {
10        // Laravel automatically injects the bound implementation
11    }
12}

1namespace App\Providers;
2
3use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
4
5class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
6{
7    public function register(): void
8    {
9        // Register bindings in the container
10        $this->app->singleton(Cache::class, function ($app) {
11            return new RedisCache($app->make('redis'));
12        });
13    }
14
15    public function boot(): void
16    {
17        // Perform application bootstrapping
18        View::share('appName', config('app.name'));
19    }
20}

1// Using facade
2use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
3
4Cache::put('key', 'value', 3600);
5$value = Cache::get('key');
6
7// Equivalent to:
8app('cache')->put('key', 'value', 3600);

1// Named Arguments (PHP 8.0+)
2User::create(
3    name: 'John Doe',
4    email: '[email protected]',
5    password: Hash::make('password')
6);
7
8// Constructor Property Promotion (PHP 8.0+)
9class UserService
10{
11    public function __construct(
12        private UserRepository $repository,
13        private EmailService $emailService
14    ) {}
15}
16
17// Enums (PHP 8.1+)
18enum UserRole: string
19{
20    case ADMIN = 'admin';
21    case USER = 'user';
22    case GUEST = 'guest';
23}
24
25// Readonly Properties (PHP 8.1+)
26class User extends Model
27{
28    public readonly string $email;
29}